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UNION. 


COMER BU TIONS COBEEG EAOT 
WILLIAM AND MARY IN VIRGINIA. 


Richmond, Ya.: 


WHITTET & SHEPPERSON, GENERAL PRINTERS. 


1899. 


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WILLIAM AND MARY COLLEGE. 


FOUNDED 1693, 
AT WILLIAMSBURG, VIRGINIA. 


The College of William and Mary holds a unique position 
in the history of the United States, 

A 
Foundation. 

In its antecedents it is the oldest of American Colleges. In 
actual operation it is second only to Harvard. The project of a 
College for Virginia was agitated in 1617, three years before 
the Pilgrims landed at Plymouth Rock. It was discussed in 
the first Virginia Assembly, which met at Jamestown in 1619; 
but. after making fair headway, the design was temporarily 
abandoned on account of the Indian massacre. It was taken 
up again at intervals, and finally consummated in the College 
established at Middle Plantation (now Williamsburg) in 1693, 
and named in honor of the ruling monarchs, King William 
and Queen Mary. } 

Charter. 


It was the only College that received its charter direct from 
the crown, under the seal of the privy council of England. 
For this reason it was called ‘‘their Majesties’ Royal College 
of William and Mary.”’ 


Coat-of=-Arms. 


It was the only College that received its coat-of-arms from 
the College of Heralds in London. This coat bears date 1694, 
and is represented on the seal of the College. 


First Complete Faculty. 

It was the first College in America to have a full Faculty, 
consisting of a president and six professors, usher and writing- 
master, as was the casein 1729. At that time the Faculty of 
Harvard consisted of a president, two professors, and a corps 
of tutors. The College courses comprised : 


PRESIDENT FROM 1777-1812. PRESIDENT FROM 1814-1825, PRESIDENT FROM 1827-1836. 


PRESIDENT FROM 1693-1743. 


PRESIDENT FROM 1836-1846. 


___PRESIDENT FROM 1854-1888 


1849-1854. 


PRESIDENT ER 


1847-1 


PRESIDENT FROM 


ee 


—— 


WILLIAM AND MARY COLLEGE. 7 


1. A Common School for Indian children and white children 
of the neighborhood. 

2, A Grammar School for the study of the classics. 

3. Two Philosophy Schools—one of Moral Philosophy (in 
which Rhetoric, Logic and Ethics were taught) and the other 
of Natural Philosophy and Mathematics. 

4. Two Divinity Schools for the training of ministers. 


WILT IZZ 22> 


ET 


SEAL OF THE COLLEGE, 


The Elective System. 
It was the first to abandon the Oxford curriculum and adopt 
the elective system, which it did as early as 1779, under the 
auspices of Thomas Jefferson. 


Honor System. 

It was the first to adopt the honor system, which discounte- 
nances the custom, prevailing at some colleges even now, of 
spying and informing upon students; of treating them, in fact, 
in the class and examination-rooms as if they were devoid of 
honor and unworthy of confidence. 


First University.’ 
Mr. Jefferson recommended to the Legislature, in June, 1779, 
that the course of the College be widened into that of a Uni- 


1On November 27, 1779, the Legislature of Pennsylvania passed an 
act to incorporate the University of Pennsylvania; but it took some 
time to select the professors, and the complete organization was not ef- 
fected till 1791. 


8 WILLIAM AND MARY COLLEGE. 


versity, by adding schools of Modern Languages, Law, an 
Medicine; and, being a member of the Visitorial Board of tk 
College, he introduced these reforms at a meeting held Decen 
ber 14, 1779;.and thereupon, on the 29th of the month, tt 
new Faculty went into office. From that time to the War « 
1861—’65 the College was known as ‘‘the College or Unive 
sity of William and Mary.’’ 


GEORGE WASHINGTON, PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. 
Surveyor Appointed bythe College Faculty 1749; Chancellor of the College 1758-1799. 


First School of Modern Languages. 


There can scarcely be any doubt that the chair of Mr. Charl 
Bellini, of Modern Languages, embracing French, Italia 
Spanish"and German, established in 1779, was the first of 1 


kind in the United. States. 


WILLIAM AND MARY COLLEGE. 9 


First School of History. 

History was always a favorite study in Virginia. The two 
first. historical works written by professors in an American col- 
lege were: The Present State of Virginia, published by Hugh 
Jones, Professor of Mathematics in William and Mary, in 1724, 
and Zhe Fitstory of Virginia, by President William Stith, in 
1749. Another historian of Virginia, Hugh L. Girardin, was 


PEYTON RANDOLPH, FIRST PRESIDENT OF THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS. 

; Student about 1730. . Ay 
the Professor of History and Modern Languages in 1803, and 
perhaps earlier; and afterwards the subject was pursued with 
remarkable success by Thomas R. Dew, Professor of History 
and Political Economy from 1826 to 1846. Dr. Herbert B. 
Adams, Professor of History in Johns Hopkins University, 
says: ‘‘Long before Economics and Politics were especially 
studied in the North, here in old Williamsburg Civic or Social 


IO WILLIAM AND MARY COLLEGE. 


Science was eagerly pursued. Here a former president of the 
College, Thomas Roderick Dew, held a professorship of Polli- 
tics, and lectured upon Laws, Manners, Customs, and Institu- 
tions. Here was the first school of history in America. Here 
were trained the statesmen of the South.” 


THOMAS JEFFERSON, PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, 
Student 1760-1762; Member of the Board of Visitors 1779. 


First School of Political Economy. 


Soon after 1784, President James Madison (cousin of the 
President of the United States of the same name) gave regular 
lectures on Political Economy; and Adam Smith’s Wealth of 
Nations was the text-book, the earliest use of that book in 
America. 

First School of [lunicipal Law. 

William and Mary College instituted the first school for the 

study of the practice of the law in the courts and for the study 


WILLIAM AND MARY COLLEGE. It 


of American constitutions. George Wythe, a signer of the 
Declaration, the teacher of both Jefferson and Marshall in the 
legal science, one of the greatest men of the age, was the first 
law professor; and his successor, St. George Tucker, was the 
first professor in America to publish a distinctive treatise on 
the law, his Commentaries on Blackstone, which he did in 1803. 
This chair had a continuous existence from 1779 to 1861, when 
the war occasioned a suspension. 


First Greek Letter Society. 


The Phi Beta Kappa Society was organized at William and 
Mary College December 5, 1776. Among its first members 


xX 


v, 


PO 


xX% 


Ox 


Wi 
las 


XO 


FORM OF THE MODERN @ PB K KEY-SHAPED MEDAL. 


[OBVERSE AND REVERSE. | 


were John Marshall, the first chief justice; Samuel Hardy, a 
leading member of the Continental Congress; Spencer Roane, 
the ablest judge of the Supreme Court of Virginia; John Brown 


12 WILLIAM AND MARY COLLEGE. 


and Stevens Thomson Mason, senators of the United States; 
Bushrod Washington, associate justice of the Supreme Court; 
William Short, minister of the United States at the courts of 
Spain and Holland; Judge Archibald Stuart, a member of the 
General Court of Virginia; John James Beckly, first librarian of 
Congress, and many other distinguished men. One of the early 
members, Elisha Parmalee, was a native of Massachusetts, and, 
returning North, he established a chapter at Yale in 1782, and 
a chapter at Harvard in 1783. ‘The original charter granted to 
Harvard chapter was, after having been lost for many years, 
lately discovered, and, after being returned to William and 
Mary College, was restored by the chapter there to the Harvard 
chapter. 
The First Medallic Prizes. 

In 1771, Norborne Berkeley, Lord Botetourt, instituted two 

gold medals, to be awarded to the two best students in philos- 


OBVERSE, BOTETOURT MEDAL. REVERSE, 


ophy and in classics. These medals were struck from dies still 
in the possession of the College, and were undoubtedly the. first 
of their kind in the United States, and have been so pronounced 
by the editor of a leading numismatic journal of New England. 


William and Mary’s Part in the Revolution. 


The part performed by William and Mary in ‘raining that 
generation of Virginians who took part in the er ublishment of 
American institutions is second to that of n cher institution 


WILLIAM AND MARY COLLEGE. 13 


of learning. In each of the great epochs in the constitutional 
development, resulting in the permanent establishment of the 
present government, with one great exception—the period of the 
Stamp Act, when nature’s child, the celebrated Patrick Henry, 
was the grand commanding figure of the continent— William 
and Mary furnished the exponent of freedom. It was Richard 


EDMUND RANDOLPH, GOVERNOR OF VIRGINIA AND SECRETARY OF STATE. 
Student 1766, Member of the Board of Visitors 1779. 


Bland, an alumnus of William and Mary, who announced the 
startling doctrine, in a pamphlet entitled dx Enguzry into the 
Rights of the British Colonies, first published in 1766, that 
‘‘America was no part of the kingdom of England,’’ and had 
never been united with it except by the common tie of the 
crown. Dabney Carr, another alumnus, was the patron of the 
resolutions in 177; for the appointment of Committees of Corre- 


14 WILLIAM AND MARY COLLEGE. 


spondence, the first step looking towards united action on the 
part of the colonies. Then it was Peyton Randolph, another 
alumnus, who, when the first Congress came together in 1774, 
offered himself as the conspicuous mark of British resentment 
in consenting to be selected as first president of the Continental 
Congress. In 1776,it was another alumnus, Thomas Jefferson, 


GEORGE WYTHE, CHANCELLOR OF VIRGINIA. 
Student about 1740; Professor of Law 1779-17850. 


who, in the language of Ezra Stiles, president of Yale College, 
poured the soul of the continent into the ‘‘monumental act of 
independence.’”? In 1786, it was John Tyler, Sr., another 
alumnus, who carried through the Virginia Legislature the 
proposition for a convention of the States at Annapolis, which 
led to the constitutional assembly at Philadelphia. In 1787, it 
was Edmund Randolph, another alumnus, who opened the 
proceedings at Philadelphia by submitting the ‘‘ Virginia plan” 


WILLIAM AND MARY COLLEGE. 15 


of a constitution, which gave direction to its proceedings; and 
again, it was William and Mary College that gave to the judi- 
ciary the two ablest exponents of the double nature of the gov- 
ernment thus founded—John Marshall, whose decisions in the 
Federal Supreme Court gave unity and system to the powers 
lodged in the Federal representative, and Spencer Roane, who, 


JOHN TYLER, SR., GOVERNOR OF VIRGINIA. 


Grammar scholar 1754; Member of the Board of Visitors 1&04. 


in the State judiciary, successfully labored to preserve the rights 
reserved to the people and to the States from a pretension, 
favored by Marshall, of a universal common law jurisdiction 
for the Federal courts. Of the eleven members of the Commit- 
tee of Correspondence appointed by Virginia, March 12, 1773, 
six, probably seven, including the chairman, Peyton Ran- 
dolph, were alumni of William and Mary College; of the 


16 WILLIAM AND MARY COLLEGE. 


Committee of Safety, appointed in 1775, six, probably seven, 
out of eleven were alumni. Of the thirty-one members of the 
committee who reported the Declaration of Rights and the Vir- 
ginia State Constitution—the first ever adopted in regular 
convention of an independent people—the chairman, Archibald 
Cary, and ten, probably seventeen, others were alumni. Of the 


JOHN MARSHALL, CHIEF-JUSTICE OF THE UNITED STATES. 
Student 1750, Meniber of the Board of Visitors 1790. 


actors in declaring the colonies independent States, the drafts- 
man of the Declaration and four of the seven Virginia signers 
were alumni of William and Mary. Of the thirty-three mem- 
bers of the Continental Congress from Virginia, the first presi- 
dent of that body, Peyton Randolph, and fifteen, probably 
sixteen, others were alumni, as were also five out of six judges 
of the first Admiralty Court, and three out of five speakers of 
the House of Delegates, during the Revolution. 


WILLIAM AND MARY COLLEGE. 17 


Making -of the United States Constitution. 


Of the actors connected with the Annapolis Convention, the 
champion in the House of Delegates of the resolution making 
the call was John Tyler, Sr., an alumnus, and of the three dele- 


SPENCER ROANE, JUDGE OF THE SUPREME COURT OF VIRGINIA. 
Student 1779. 


gates who attended the convention from Virginia, two, Edmund 
Randolph and St. George Tucker, were alumni. 

Of the representatives from Virginia to the Federal Con- 
vention four out of seven were alumni, while George Wash- 
ington, the president of the convention, had received from 
the College Faculty his first official appointment as surveyor, 
and was in due time called to preside over its councils as 
chancellor. 


18 WILLIAM AND MARY COLLEGE. 


Development of the Union. 
1789-1861. 
Of the seven Presidents born in Virginia, three—Thomas 
Jefferson, James Monroe and John Tyler—were educated at Wil- 


liam and Mary. To these men is to be ascribed the annexation 
of Louisiana, Florida, Texas, and most of the Western territory, 


WINFIELD SCOTT, LIEUTENANT-GENERAL. 


Student 1804. P 


thus trebling the original area of the Union. Four out of five 
judges contributed by Virginia to the Supreme bench of the 
United States were educated at William and Mary. The most 
illustrious commander of the Federal armies up to 1861, Gen. 
Winfield Scott, was a William and Mary man. Of twenty-seven 
senators from Virginia, sixteen, and of the four speakers of the 
House of Representatives from Virginia, three; of three min- 


WILLIAM AND MAry COLLEGE. 19 


isters plenipotentiary to England, two, and of six ministers to 
France, four were alumni; and John James Beckly, first libra- 


rian of Congress and first clerk of the House of Representatives, 
was a William and Mary man. 


JAMES MONROE, PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. 


Student 1775, 


State Control to 1861. 


The influence of William and Mary remained dominant in 
Virginia till the late war, despite the increasing rivalry of the 
University of Virginia. Of forty-three members of the Supreme 
Court of Virginia, twenty-one, and of thirty-three governors 
of Virginia, fifteen were alumni. Out of a numerical total of 


20 WILLIAM AND MARY COLLEGE. 


seventy-six judges and governors William and Mary contri- 
buted thirty-six; Princeton, two; Hampden-Sidney, two; Uni- 
versity of Virginia, three; Dickinson College, one; University 
of Pennsylvania, one; College of South Carolina, one; Yale, 
one; Washington College, Penn., one; Randolph-Macon, one; 
European colleges, five; and the rest obtained their education 
at private schools. 


JOHN TYLER, PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. 


Student 1502-1807 ; Member of the Board of Visitors 1814-1862 » Chancellor of the 
College 1859-1862. 


Brafferton Hall. 


As the visitor proceeds from the gate to the main building, 
the brick house on the left is known as the Brafferton Hall. It 
was built, in 1723, out of moneys realized from the rents of the 
Brafferton estate, in Yorkshire, England, in which the funds 


THE BRAFFERTON BUILDING—FOUNDED 1723. 


Formerly the old Indian School; now a Dormttory. 


22 WILLIAM AND MARY COLLEGE. 


left by the Hon. Robert Boyle for ‘‘ pious and charitable uses ”’ 
was invested. In this building a school for Indians was con- 
ducted till the Revolution put a stop to the work by causing 
the Brafferton estate to be diverted by the English court to 
other uses. The building is now used as a dormitory for the 
students. 


WILLIAM B. TALIAFERRO, MAJOR-GENERAL C..5. A. 
A. B. in 1840-41; President of the Board of Visitors 1S&S-1898. 


President’s House. 


On.the right, facing this building, is the president’s house, 
with twelve rooms, founded in 1732. It has been always 
occupied by the president of the College, except in war. During 
the war of the Revolution it was occupied by Lord Cornwallis 
as his headquarters. Then it was occupied by the French 
troops, and while in their possession it was accidentally burned. 
It was restored on the old walls by money furnished by Louis 
XVI. from his private exchequer. 


’ 


PRESIDENT S HOUSE—-FOUNDED 1732, HEADQUARTERS OF LORD CORNWALLIS. , 


24 WILLIAM AND MARY COLLEGE. 


Main Building. 

The main building has had a chequered history. The front 
and north wing were erected soon after the date of the charter, 
and in 1700 the General Assembly held its sessions here. A 
fire broke out in 1705, and all was destroyed except the walls. 
The wood work was again restored, and in 1729 the chapel or 
south wing was built. When the capitol was burned in 1748, 
the General Assembly once more found refuge in the College. 
The main building, restored in 1705, stood until 1859, when a 
fire left the walls alone standing. These were once more built 


ES aeiett 


se NTT ATE TT ct cat SBS tO GO AI 5 LLIN OO A rg 


COLLEGE OF WILLIAM AND MARY, 
As it appeared until the fire of 1859. 


on, and the College was in operation again when the war of 
1861-65 began. On September 7, 1862, the buildings were 
fired by the Federal troops; but promptly on the return of 
peace they were, for the third time, restored on the old walls. 


The Chapel. 


The chapel was built in 1729 by Henry Cary, father of Col. 
Archibald Cary, prominent in the American Revolution. In 
the vaults underneath the floor rest the remains of Sir John 
Randolpk and of his two eminent sons, Peyton Randolph, first 
president of the Continental Congress, and John Randolph— 
the latter the father of Edmund Randolph, Secretary of State 
under Washington. Near them also repose the remains of 


DUKE OF GLOUCESTER STREET, WILLIAMSBURG, VA, 


26 WILLIAM AND MARY COLLEGE. 


James Madison, first president of the College after the Revolu- 

tion; Lord Botetourt, who died in 1771, the most popular of 

Virginia’s royal governors; Chancellor Robert Nelson, and 

other worthies. . 
Location. 


The College is situated adjoining the city of Williamsburg, 
and at the west end of Duke of Gloucester street. At the other 
end was seated, at the time of the Revolution, the capitol of the 
colony of Virginia, where Patrick Henry made his speech on 
the Stamp Act. Williamsburg has a most interesting history, 
having been the scene of many exciting events during the colo- 
nial times and since. The old church is full of memories; and 
the magazine, from which Lord Dunmore, the last royal gov- 
ernor, in 1775 abstracted the powder, and by his act aroused 
the whole colony, is still standing in good repair. 


Present Condition. 


For many years after the War of 1861-65 the College was 
in a very crippled condition, owing to repeated losses. In 1888 
the Legislature contributed annually $10,000 (soon afterwards 
increased to $15,000) to its support. Then, in 1893, the Fed- 
eral Congress, under the noble counsels of Hon. George Es 
Hoar, of Massachusetts, George B. Loring, of Massachusetts, 
General N. M. Curtis, of New York, and Hon. Frank E. Beltz- 
hoover, of Pennsylvania, passed an act to partially reimburse 
the College for losses occasioned by the action of the Federal 
troops in setting fire to the College; and it is, at the present 
time, in a very hopeful condition. The attendance for the 
present year (1898—99) will reach two hundred. Its graduate 
teachers are abroad in the majority of the counties of the State. 
Hon. Joseph W. Southall, State Superintendent of Public In- 
struction, has pronounced the College ‘“‘the right arm of the 
public school system.”’ 


WILLIAM AND MARY COLLEGE. 2h 


WABULAR STATEMENTS: 


The following tables will enable the reader to form a more 
detailed estimate of the influence of William and Mary upon 
the history of the times: 


I. MAKING OF INDEPENDENCE. 


Stamp Act. 
Frarick Flenrye suave vas 5s oe gine ip Private schools. 
[Author of Stamp Act Resolutions. ] 


Committee of Correspondence. 
(Appointed March 12, 1773.) 


Peyton Randolph, Chazrman, ... . . William and Mary. 
mover Carterc Nicholas.) files. 5.6 William and Mary. 
PCD REC PI ATIC eet po mera chic he. van te William and Mary. 
Rietard, Lenry, [560 ie seh kis deus 8g Leeds Academy, Yorkshire, 
PSALM ALTISOM, wise Uh ete ae William and Mary, 
Edmund) Pendleton). *s was" se leo Private schools. 
PAtriOuPeAOUV Ota) tit ote 6 oh oy et! 2 Private schools. 
UNO Y pO ese ese >. gc 9s''9 . William and Mary (?). 
Dabney Carr, patron of the Resolution, . William and Mary. 
Brehibald, ‘Carvin iso. + pe!» William and Mary. 
mnoueas. FELeCLsOn wit Mek eo 5! ows William and Mary. 


Seven out of eleven, probably eight, attended William and Mary; 
two attended private schools, and one was educated in England. 


Committee of Safety. 
(Appointed by the Virginia Convention of 1775.) 
Edmund Pendleton, Chazrman,.. . . Private schools. 


WMIB AGG crs phy. of ie) eh eon een > William and Mary. 
nomas udywellLee,-.) es «vege? Probably private schools. 
ce CS re oy ele os, leetie|'s William and Mary(?).* 
eee TAXON 5) slo o's vue ale g William and Mary. 
Oe e 2) shetixein p oR Es upp England (?). 

OCC AGOM A. 6. ke ek pe sf Private schools. 

PCD ATO SANG es oe a Sg William and Mary. 

POU COR ea) William and Mary. 
VUNG ADCS ss eels sce ws William and Mary. 
PACS NLGCCOMMEMENS,. fs 5. fs + 6 66 William and Mary. 


Six, probably seven, out of eleven attended William and Mary; two 
were educated in private schools, and one in England. 


* Dudiey Digges lived in Williamsburg, and probably attended the College, the records not 
being complete. 


i 


*cfQI NI Gunung ‘ISLI NI GaLOAYA—IOLIdVO ATO AHL 


_ *gaaygoag a sadav zy Aq Soper AUFakdog— 


UZESU]Y saedaupy wos 


WILLIAM AND MAry COLLEGE. 29 


Committee who Framed the Declaration of ieuts and State 


Constitution. 
Archibald Cary, Chatrman, .:.. . William and Mary. : 
Meriwether Smith,.. .... 2... : . . Probably private schools. 
PAGS MCT CCG Se Pan catid'ny oF) 7Ts . . . William and Mary, ,.:. 
re NCC i eee wt nArs hye. Loe 5s. . PI MeevOms 
Bartholomew Mens: meee ste). PROD My William and Mary. 
Greorce GilMerj.c3f.fse es) 2 . .. . . William and Mary and Scotland. 
Piepasd Blandss ss. Gig oss. 40 LAM end Marve 
Mudiey Digges, i os os William and Mary (yy, 
PeadieCarmneton, 3... 4. wna got... .Willtam ancdeMary. 
pUMOiase Litt Well Lee sia 5) tenhoms test Probably private schools. 
Wisiidamme Gabel rehab wars William and Mary (?). 
NGsenr. | O0GS,.\ hanes 5 ee ass eh LES, Probably William and Mary. 
John Blair, Jr...-..... 0... 1 « « William and:Maryand England. 
William Fleming, ....-... +... William and Marty. 
Henry TLazewellp.o. uri tes h . » » William and Mary. 
Richard Cary,.2. 3-282. .%: + .'. William and Mary: 
Cuthbert Bullitt,....i.i ...... . Probably private schools. 
Avilliam Watts.) 0.5 tie. . . Probably private schools. 
jJonn Banister; 22%..." % (2508 5% 9. England. 
WOU ebaveros ules & 1k 8 oo William “and? Mary! 
Bolling Starke,......%. ..:. 4... Probably William and Mary: 
David Mason,-... . .-. 2... +.» Probably private schools. 
Richard Adams; 2%. . «9 -.°\. ..'+.'+. Probably: private schools. 
Thomas Réagiee. eeet sw - +. William. and pele 
Thomas’ Lewtettaeeoe bee isis Oi. teks relancd: 
Tames: Madisomasee jc}tt od 2: .+.:.-. Princeton. 
Peovert Rutherigta yes) gta ttt: . « « Probably private schools. 
George Mason (draftsman), . .... -. Private schools. 
OMPMMALAT VIC, RU darts seta in! th de 2s Scotland. 
William Roscow Wilson Curle,.. . . Probably William and Mary. 
james Holt, 2. . yw ee ew. +. "Probably William and Mary. 


Eleven (including the chairman), probably eighteen, out of thirty-one 
attended William and Mary; two attended Princeton, five European 
universities and William and Mary, and the rest, probably eight, were 
educated in private schools. 


Declaration of Independence. 


Pdamund Pendleton,:.....305% 5 .. td. «a Ptivate schools) 
[Author of the resolutions in the virgin Convention, reported May 15, 1776, to instruct 


the delegates of Virginia in Congress to declare the Abuse les free and independent 
states. | 


Richardiennyeloe, . 0. ss . . . Leeds Academy, England. 
[Author of the resolution’in Congress for independence. ] 
THOMAS#) CIPSTSOM page. uc. 0 ab us . William aud Mary. 


[Author of the Declaration. ] 


Return this book on or before the 
Latest Date stamped below. 


30 


University of Illinois Library 
sig¢—-— ; =e STs 

George Wythe 
Richard Henr 
Thomas Jeffer: MATT. QO igre 
Benjamin Har a 
Thomas Nelso: 
Francis Light 
Carter Braxto 


Four out of Z 
land, and one 


Peyton Rando 
Thomas Adar 
John Banister 
Richard Blanc 
Theodoric Bla d. 


Carter Braxto 
John Brown, d. 


Edward Carr: 
William Fitz 
William Flem 
William Gray 
Cyrus Griffin 
Samuel Hard 
Benjamin Ha 
John Harvie, 
James Henry 
Patrick Henr 
Thomas Jeffe 
Joseph Jones 
Arthur Lee, in- 


Francis Ligh L161—H41 


Henry: dee, 17 Sor Sor se wo on) ee Princeton. 
Richard Henry Lee, 1774-’80, 1784-’87, Leeds Academy, England. 
James Madison, 1780-’83, 1786-’88, . . Princeton. 


James. Mercer j{37770-1s0gees sears William and Mary. 
John F. Mercer, 1782-"85,..°.... » William and Mary. 
James Monroe, 1783-’86, ....... William and Mary. 
Thomas Nelson, 1775-77, 1779-80, . . Eton and Cambridge. 
Mann Page, 177747670 eee William and Mary. 
Edmund Pendleton, 1774-’75,. . . . . Private schools. 
Edmund Randolph, 1779-’82,. ... . William and Mary. 


* In Historical Catalogue the Thomas Nelson entered was not General Thomas Nelson, but 
a son of his uncle, Secretary Thomas Nelson. 


WILLIAM AND MARy COLLEGE. 31 


Meriwether Smith, 1778-82, . Probably private schools. 
George Washington, 1774-75, 1775-77, Private schools. 


Fifteen (including the first president), perhaps sixteen, out of thirty- 
three attended William and Mary; two were educated at Princeton; 
eight wholly or partly at English and Scottish universities; one at the 
College of Philadelphia, and the rest were educated in private schools or 
by private tutors. 

Admiralty Court of Virginia.' 
(Appointed by Convention.) 
fon Diair, December, 1775,.. «..\..... William andar, 
James Holt, same day,. .... . . . Probably William and Mary. 
Edmund Randolph, same day, . . . . William and Mary, 
Joseph Prentis, July 5, 1776, . William and Mary. 
James Hubard, same day, . . . . William and Mary. 
iegedared ghar eu se hotel Ries Ue a ee William and Mary. 


Five out of six attended William and Mary. 


Speakers of the House of Delegates of Virginia. 
(During the Revoiution.) 
Edmund Pendleton, 1776, 
George Wythe, 1776-78, 
Benjamin Harrison, 1778-’81, 
Richard Henry Lee, March, 1781, . Leeds Academy, England. 
John Tyler, 1781-"85, . . . William and Mary. 


Three out of five attended William and Mary. 


. Private schools. 
. William and Mary. 
. William and Mary. 


Il; MAKING OF THE CONSTITUTION. 


Annapolis Convention, 1786. 
John Tyler, . . William and Mary. 


[Who in the Virginia Legislature carried through the resolution to call the meeting. ] 
Edmund Rando’ph, delegate, . . . William and Mary. 
James Madison, delegate, . . . Princeton. 


Drawalter Jones,delegate; ..-. 
St. George Tucker, delegate, . . 


Meriwether Smith, delegate, 
George Mason, delegate, . 
William Ronald, delegate, 
David Ross, delegate, . 


Three attended the convention : 


. . William and Mary. 
. William and Mary. 
. Probably private schools. 
. Private schools. 
. Scotland. 
. Scotland. 


Edmund Randolph and St. George 


Tucker, of William and Mary, and James Madison, of Princeton. 


Members of the Federal Convention, 1787. 


George Washington (Chancellor of Wal- 
. Private schools. 
. William and Mary and England. 


liam and Mary ce ae 
James McClurg, . . 


1These judges were appointed to enforce the Continental Association, and were the first in 
Virginia to receive their authority directly from the people. 


30 WILLIAM AND MARY COLLEGE. 


Signers of the Declaration of Independence. 


etce Wee, 5. ws. is ee William and Mary. 
Pechardiienry Lee, . 2s Bees Leeds Academy, Yorkshire. 
@hoMasMerterson, . . .. . .4. soa William and Mary. . 
Benjamin Harrison, ... . - . « William and Mary. 
ThomaeeNelson,*..!:\\.° 0 (es Eton and Cambridge. 
Haancto Lightfoot Lee, 7). . aan Private tutors. 

Caner, Braxton, . . 9. °s. )asae en William and Mary. 


Four out of seven attended William and Mary; two studied in Eng- 
land, and one was taught by private tutors. 


Continental Congress. 
Peyton Randolph, first prestdent, 1774, William and Mary. 


Thomas Adams1778=S0, 264) 1. William and Mary. 

John. Banister @ry76=.70.. Aue England. 

Richard Bland wr y9yoo7e so eS William and Mary. 

Theodore Bland.a4 86-83. -0.) 8 22.) William and Mary and England. 
CarterBraxton,1775-"76, ats a05.. 0.) William and Mary. 

JOUR sR coma 783288. le sn ne William and Mary and England. 
Edward Carrington, 1785-’86 ,. ... Probably private schools. 
William’ Fitzhueh, 1770-80 aupk. we Probably private schools, 
William; Fleming, 14798500) 25. William and Mary. 

William Grayson, 1784-’87,...... College of Philadelphia. 

Cyrus Griffin, 1778~’81, 1788-"89, . . . England. 

Sazmniel lardy.17ag- 62 enna ee William and Mary. 

Benjamin Harrison, 1774-78, .'. © | William and Mary. 

JOROSH atvic e1437— "99 (ee a eee oe Scotland. 

James entry -y760—3 1. alte ee Probably private schools. 
Patrick Henry ©1774 6a 0 2 Se ane Private schools. 


Thomas Jefferson, 1775-77, 1783-’85, . William and Mary. 
Joseph Jones, 1777-78, 1780-83, . . . Probably William and Mary. 


Arthunsivee i 1781 8a. unm tela erie Eton, Middle Temple and Edin- 
burgh. 

Francis Lightfoot Lee, 1775-’80, . . . Private tutors. 

Henry veo, 1765, Semen, wu eee Princeton. 


Richard Henry Lee, 1774-’80, 1784~’87, Leeds Academy, England. 
James Madison, 1780-83, 1786-’88, . . Princeton. 


James Mervcer,/1770—-800005.2 0 William and Mary. 
John F. Mercer, 1782-’85,....... William and Mary. 
James Monroe, 1783-86, ....... William and Mary. 
Thomas Nelson, 1775-’77, 1779-80, . . Eton and Cambridge. 
Mann’ Page,-1777- 75) 8 eee William and Mary. 
Edmund Pendleton, L7 JA? 7550 ed tp le TAvale SChouls, 
Edmund Randolph, 1779-’82,. .... William and Mary. 
EY es ean me 


* In Historical Catalogue the Thomas Nelson entered was not General Thomas Nelson, but 
a son of his uncle, Secretary Thomas Nelson. 


WILLIAM AND MARY COLLEGE. 31 


Meriwether Smith, 1778-’82, . . . . . Probably private schools. 
George Washington, 1774-75, 1775-’77, Private schools. 


Fifteen (including the first president), perhaps sixteen, out of thirty- 
three attended William and Mary; two were educated at Princeton; 
eight wholly or partly at English and Scottish universities; one at the 
College of Philadelphia, and the rest were educated in private schools or 
by private tutors. 

Admiralty Court of Virginia.' 
(Appointed by Convention.) 


Jonn Blair, December, 1775, . . ... ..William and Mary. 
Tames Lolly same day,....°. . . . «.. Probably William aneeMary. 
Edmund Randolph, same day, . . . . William and Mary, 
joseph Prentis, July 5, 1776, « . . ... William and Mary. 
Jaimes Hiubard, same day, .9. . .. . William and Mary: 
TOnm Ly lerecaiie day. lis =... William and Mary: 


Five out of six attended William and Mary. 


Speakers of the House of Delegates of Virginia. 
(During the Revoiution.) 


Fomund Pendleton, 1776, ...". . =,.-Private schools. 

Gearve Wythe, 1776-78, 2 7 os oe William and Mary. 
Benjamin Harrison, 1778-’81,.. . . . William and Mary. 
Richard Henry Lee, March, 1781, .. . Leeds Academy, England. 
olm Pe yter ier Bee... . William and Mary. 


Three out of five attended William and Mary. 


Il, MAKING OF THE ‘CONSTITUTION. 


Annapolis Convention, 1786. 
PGIEIICK,.” 92) co: SCRE aN, iy eae ay William and Mary. 


[Who in the Virginia Legislature carried through the resolution to call the meeting. | 


Edmund Rando'ph, delegate,.. . . . William and Mary. 


Jamies Madison, delegate, ...:.;. .-.*Princeton. 

Damwalter Jones;delegate; ;.; . . .: ..William andiMary. 
Siecorce Tucker, delegate)... 3. William and Mary. 
Meriwether Smith, delegate, . . . . . Probably private schools. 
George Mason, delegate,. ... . . . Privateschools. 

ivimiam Ronald, delegate, ... .,. . Seotland. 

David Ross, delegate, ...-.. . . «Scotland. 


Three attended the convention: Edmund Randolph and St. George 
Tucker, of William and Mary, and James Madison, of Princeton. 


Members of the Federal Convention, 1787. 
George Washington (Chancellor of Wal- 
leam and Mary eee wi aeRrivategcnools: 
WAmeS MCC lGToN st . . 5 . . . . William and Maryand England. 


1These judges were appointed to enforce the Continental Association, and were the first in 
Virginia to receive their authority directly from the people. 


32 WILLIAM AND MARY COLLEGE. 


Edmund Ragdolph, .-. 0. %, 1.2... 8 oes William and) Marys 
John Blateie ./.) 05.6... vad cone a) cont Nin memennn TLL 12°) Seca eae 
Fanies “Mamieon, >.) 5)... \.° 7°)" 2 + Princeton. 

George Mason,... .....+ «> .. eh eeaeee eae eivate schools, 
George Wythe, .. . «. % +. eee ara ee eal ~» William and Mary. 


William and Mary, 4; private schools, 2; Princeton, 1. 


Il. DEVELOPMENT OF° THE UNION. 
Presidents of the United States. 
George Washington, 1789-1797 (Chancellor of 


Willtam and Mary College),..... Private schools. 

Thomas Jefferson, 180% 1s00e...)). *.) 5°: . William and Mary. 
James Madison, 1809-1817, . . oe eee TItCeLOn: 
James Monroe, 1817-1825,°°. . ......”.. . William and Mary. 
William, Hentystiarriseiet5AT, 6.0. sig . Hampden-Sidney. 
John Tyler, 1841-1845, 00 0. .- 2°. eas. 4. Walliam’ and Mary. 
Zachary Taylor, 1846-1850, . . . -. us swe, & Private schools. 


Three out of seven Presidents born in Virginia attended William and 
Mary; one Princeton; one Hampden-Sidney; one private schools. 


Cabinet Officers. 

Thomas Jefferson, James Monroe, Edmund Randolph, John Mar- 
shall, William T. Lurry, John J. Crittenden, George M. Bibb, John Nel- 
son and. Alexander H. H. Stuart. Nine cabinet officers were educated at 
William and Mary, to whom might be added Richard C. Archer, Secre- 
tary of War, Republic of Texas. 


Supreme Court of the United States. 


John Marshall, Chzef Justice, 1800-1835,. . . William and Mary. 
Ommeb lair, 1789-1706, -4.¢6, 5. : . .,. . William and Mary. 
Bushrod Washington, sane eS |g So Willian eer ys, 
Philip P.. Barbour, 1836-1841,'.:...;.....,.,. William ‘andeiaey 
Peter VeaDaniel, '1840-1860,;.)7.57.. a a, 2 Cee ELCeLOn 


Four out of five judges appointed from Virginia were educated at 
William and Mary. 
Army of the United States. 


Winfield Scott, Lieutenant-General,. . . . William and Mary. 

United States Senators Representing Virginia from 1789 to 1860. 
William Grayson, 1789-1790,'... |, | .)._. College of Philadelphiag 
John Walket. 17605 "0 ai eae. hoc en ene William and Mary. 
Richard Henry Lee, 1789-1792, . ... . . LeedsAcademy, Yorkshire. 
James Monroe, 1790-1794, . ... =. . . William and Mary. 

John Taylor, 1792-1794, 1803, 1822- 132i; . . William and Mary. 

Benry Tazewell,-1794297601q). yee eee em and Marg 
Stevens Thomson Mason, 1794-1803, . . . . William and Mary. 


Wilson Cary Nicholas, 1799-1804,. . . . . . William and Mary. 


J = = 3 = - 


es Princeton. . 
Ri a Brent, 1809- 1815,. cr etka Ae «Probably - private schools; 
Jatnes Barbour, 1815-1825, .. a ee es ae Private schools.- 
Armistead T. Mason, TSTS=1S 87,0 4 eae William and Mary. 
pe W. bape 1817-1819, 2 Fave. Private tutors, 
nts, Jr., 1819- 1822, . Soi hkeas . Private tutors. 
Tazewell, 1824-1832, . . » « William and Mary. 
1825-1827, \. yes a eee .'. William and Mary Gram- 
mar School, Princeton, 
and Columbia. 
John Tyler, 1827-1836, sae 3 . fui.) William and Mary, 
Mee 1844/41836- 1a35, i 

/@841r1845,.  # 


ww eedto dd Lh fe 


na Oy, 2° 


William C. Rives, 4 William and Mary. 


Benjamin Watkins Leigth 183471837, -. . - ... William and Mary. 
Richard E.-Parker,..1835;). “t.. ).4. ; a _.+ «Probably private schools. 
William H. Roame; 1837-1841, .,.....,.,.*.». William and Mary. 
William S. Archer, 1841-1847, .. .#.+. . . ..» William and Mary. 
James M. Mason, 1845-1860,......-......4¥ . Academic education at 


pe BR ge tay University of Pennsyl- 
vania, law and govern- 
Re Peo Sy OY hs ment at Wm. and Mary. 
Isaac S.. Pennybacker, 1845-1847, . . ... . . Private schools. 
| Ro. M. T. Hunter, 1847-1860, ....... -. .-. . University of Virginia. 
Twenty-seven senators, of whom sixteen received education at Wil- 
liam and Mary. 


Speakers of the House of Representatives. 

P. Be rbour, 15en) ea Gu. oa erik aees Walliam. and,Mary, 
ensomy 1827,....-...:..1.,5... Willigm-and Mary. 
Beeanter, 1830,. ..-,-.-.-,-.+.-,+,+,University, of Virginia. 
fax] res: Lead hte iy Lae eee eat ang Mary. 


Clerk of House of Representatives and First Librarian of 


Congress. 
John jame=M@eckly, 2... .).... ..0*-..,William and-Mary. 
[Ministers to England. 
James Monroe, 1803-1808,. . .. . - « . . - William and Mary, 
Games Barbourwiszes, 6 ik, oye ae) Private schools, 
Wnhdrew Stevensou: 1436,... 9. » . woe. William and Mary. 


Two out of three ministers to England appointed from Virginia were 
William and Mary men. 


34 WILLIAM AND Mary COLLEGE. 

linisters to France. \e 
UROtiAS Meterson; 1785, . C1) eae We aad Mary. 
James Monige, 1794-1803, .". "Yate. teat. NW and, Mary. 
John Marshaliyr797,.. . . SRI AAI mein One diet aeeer Mary. 
John syemvasdn, t8k3,.°. > ya ems ween . University of N. C. 
Charles James Faulkner, 1860, .. .°.°.°. . Georgetown University. 
William C: Rives, 184@+1845,°: "5%, “729 ! . Wallen an Mary. 


Four out of six ministers to France appointed from Virginia were 


William and Mary men. 


\ 
' 


IV. GOVERNMENT OF THE STATE OF VIRGINIA FROM. 


1776-1861. 

Supreme Court of Virginia.! 
Edmund Pendleton, January 14, 1778,. . . . Private schools. 
George Wythe, same day, ..... ..25.5.) 0) 2°William bnd Mary. 
Robert Carter Nicholas, same day,.. . . . . William and Mary. 
jolm Biair,"Novempber 23;-r780,-.". ++. -. +. +. Williamand Mary. fes3e3 
Joseph *Jones, Janvary 23$i1778.., cs oak Probably Wm. and Mary. 
Thomas Ludwell Lee, same day, . . Probably private schools. 
Paul Carrington, same day, .. ...-.-.:... . William and Mary. 
Bartholomew Dandridge, May 29, 1778,. . . Probably Wm. and Mary. 
John Tazewell, same day, . ... ... .% . . William and Mary. 
Peter Lyons, Octobetigay1779,. ... .. . Ireland. 
William Fleming, November 25, 1780... . . William and Mary. 
James Mercer, Novémber 30, 1781,°.:.'.°. . William‘and Mary. 
Henry; Tazewell, Aprilasy 7985)... se, >. 5 Willige ae Mary. 
SL George (uckeripame tay, . to. 2A llian and Mary. 
Gabriel J@tige, Same day, ; ., ........4.. Londepy 
RichardiMerter, Saine dave.’ .. . . 00 Private schools. 
Richard Cary, December 17, 1776, .-...:. . William and Mary. 
William Holt, same day, . 5s . Probably private schools. 
Bernard Moore, same day, . - . . . Probably private schools. ” 
Benjaraia Waller; 17983 /%-. «, teatie.-. «hee DAWiiea eaten ol Mary. 
William Roscow Wilson Curle, 1778,.. . .. Probably Wm. anu wary. 
James’Henky ta 798a 0.) Oe. aaa Probably private schools. 
J OAT ylerj7eo mess) ee ee. ea William and Mary. 
Henry Tazewell, November 6, 1793,. - + . . William and Mary. 
Spencer Roane, December 2, 1794; . . . . . William and Mary. 
st. George ‘Tucker, January 6, 1804, . .\.-. William And Mary. 
James Pleasants, Jr., January 30, 1811, . . . Private schools. 


1'The Supreme Court, as organized in 1778, consisted, till 1788, of the three judges of the High 
Court of Chancery, the three judges of the General Court, and the three judges of the Admiralty 
Court. In the above list the first four were judges of the High Court of Chancery; the next 
twelve, judges of the General Court, and the next seven, judges of the Admiralty Court. In 
1788, the Supreme Court was made to consist of five judges. The list above does not include 
the judges of the Special Court of Appeals, appointed at a later day. 


} 
ae 


) 2 TH See 
“2 
i 


4). 


